New Clues on Cancer Metastasis: How “Shape-Shifting” Cells Spread and Survive
For decades, doctors have known that cancer’s deadliest threat comes not from the original tumor but from metastasis — when cancer spreads to other parts of the body. Up to 90% of cancer deaths are linked to this process. Now, researchers led by Dr. Joan Massagué at Memorial Sloan Kettering are uncovering important insights into how metastatic cells survive, hide, and return to grow new tumors years later. These “shape-shifting” cells act like stem cells, traveling back in time to earlier, more flexible states that allow them to adapt and resist treatment. They can also slip into dormancy, hiding from the immune system until the conditions are right to awaken and spread again.
Scientists are learning that metastatic cells use different strategies depending on the type of cancer and the organ they invade. They can even change their physical shape to avoid being destroyed by the immune system. These discoveries open new possibilities for treatment — from targeting the hidden “time traveler” state, to waking dormant cells so the immune system can attack them, to blocking proteins that allow cancer cells to evade detection. While challenges remain, Dr. Massagué emphasizes that metastasis is no longer an automatic death sentence. With advances in immunotherapy and targeted research, controlling — and in some cases curing — stage 4 cancer is becoming more possible than ever before. (Source: Memorial Sloan Kettering)
