What Cancer Cells Eat to Grow
What Cancer Cells Eat to Grow (Stage 4 Cancer Explained)
Why This Research Matters
For patients facing Stage 4 cancer, new treatments often begin with one important question: What is helping cancer grow—and how can it be stopped?
New research from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is focusing on something many people don’t think about—how cancer cells use nutrients to survive.
By understanding how cancer cells “eat,” scientists are uncovering new ways to develop better cancer treatment options and improve outcomes for patients. This type of research may shape the next generation of therapies for people facing advanced cancer.
Understanding How Cancer Cells Grow
At the center of this research is Lydia Finley, whose work focuses on cancer cell metabolism—the way cancer cells convert nutrients into energy and the building blocks they need to grow.
All cells need fuel to function, but cancer cells often depend on certain nutrients more heavily than normal cells. This creates a potential opportunity for treatment.
If researchers can identify what cancer cells rely on, they may be able to:
- Block those nutrients
- Disrupt how cancer cells produce energy
- Slow or stop tumor growth
This research is already leading to important discoveries. In some studies, scientists found that certain molecules, called metabolites, can actually change how cancer cells behave—making them less aggressive and less likely to spread.
In another example, researchers studying a rare childhood cancer identified key nutrients the cancer depended on. They then used an existing drug, methotrexate, to target that process and slow tumor growth.
This type of research may not always lead to immediate treatments, but it plays a critical role in advancing clinical trials and new cancer therapies. Many breakthroughs start with understanding how cancer works at its most basic level.
It also helps explain why some treatments stop working over time. Cancer cells can adapt and find new ways to survive. By understanding metabolism, researchers may be able to stay ahead of that resistance and develop more durable treatment options.
What This Means for Patients
For patients with Stage 4 cancer, research like this represents something important: new possibilities for treatment.
Many of today’s most effective therapies—especially targeted therapy and immunotherapy—started with this kind of foundational research. What may seem like early science today can become tomorrow’s life-saving treatment.
Understanding how cancer cells survive could lead to:
- New Stage 4 cancer treatment options
- More personalized care based on how a patient’s cancer behaves
- Better outcomes with fewer side effects
But discoveries alone are not enough.
Patients must be able to access the right care, at the right time, and at the right place. Many of the most advanced treatments and clinical trials for cancer are available at leading cancer centers—but getting there can be one of the biggest challenges patients face.
Additional Insight: Why Metabolism Research Is Expanding
Research from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute reinforces the importance of this work. Scientists are finding that cancer cells do not all use nutrients in the same way, which means treatments may need to be tailored even more precisely for each patient.
Their research highlights how cancer cells can “reprogram” the way they use energy—allowing them to survive, grow, and even resist treatment. This supports findings from MSK that understanding how cancer cells use fuel is critical to developing more effective therapies.
By identifying these metabolic differences, researchers are working toward treatments that not only target the cancer itself but also cut off the pathways it depends on to survive. This may help explain why some patients respond better to certain therapies—and how new combinations of treatments could improve outcomes.
As this field continues to grow, it is opening the door to more personalized and effective cancer treatment strategies, especially for patients with advanced or treatment-resistant disease.
How Stage4Hope Helps Patients Move Faster
At Stage4Hope, we are focused on one mission:
Helping patients with Stage 4 cancer access life-saving care—faster.
We help patients:
- Connect with leading cancer centers
- Explore clinical trials and treatment options
- Navigate complex care decisions
- Access travel support when distance is a barrier
- Join virtual retreats and support groups for emotional and spiritual support
👉 Learn more about how we support patients: https://stage4hope.org
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with a late-stage cancer, getting to the right care quickly can make all the difference.
👉 Explore resources and patient support: https://stage4hope.org/resources
Healthcare providers and partners can also refer patients directly to help accelerate access to care:
👉 Refer a patient or partner with us: https://stage4hope.org
References:
https://www.mskcc.org/news/what-cancer-cells-eat-cancer-metabolism-may-hold-key-to-new-treatments
When Access to Care Changes a Stage 4 Cancer Story
When Options Feel Like They’re Running Out
For Nisar Hussain Khan, a diagnosis of Stage 4 lung cancer came with devastating news—there were few treatment options left.
He had already spent nearly two months in the hospital. He had lost so much weight he needed a feeding tube. Even speaking was difficult because of a severe cough.
His daughter, Kay, remembers how quickly everything changed.
“We were told there wasn’t much more they could do,” she shared.
For many families facing advanced lung cancer, this is the moment when time feels like it’s slipping away.
But for some patients, clinical trials for lung cancer can offer access to advanced Stage 4 lung cancer treatment options that are not available elsewhere.
A Turning Point Through Clinical Trials
Everything changed when Nisar and his family sought care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
There, they were offered something many patients never get the chance to explore—a clinical trial for Stage 4 lung cancer.
Led by Robert Daly and connected to research from Alexander Drilon, the trial focused on a targeted therapy designed to block cancer growth at the molecular level.
Within days of starting treatment, everything began to shift.
“Three days after taking the medication, I was able to talk and laugh again.”
“After a week, the terrible cough was nearly gone. I have regained over 20 pounds. I can even play ping-pong. It was a miracle.”
Living Again—Without Leaving Home
For Nisar and his family, one of the biggest concerns was the burden of travel.
Like many patients with Stage 4 lung cancer, getting to a major cancer center can be physically exhausting, emotionally overwhelming, and financially difficult.
But this clinical trial offered something different.
Through a more innovative approach, his care was coordinated remotely—allowing him to receive treatment close to home in Texas.
“It was such a huge relief for us,” Kay said. “He could stay in his own space and sleep in his own bed.”
This kind of access is changing what’s possible for patients seeking clinical trials for lung cancer.
Another Stage 4 Lung Cancer Story
Tengo Shautidze was facing a different form of aggressive lung cancer when he was offered an innovative immunotherapy treatment.
Traditionally, this type of Stage 4 lung cancer treatment requires hospitalization due to potential side effects.
But through a new “hospital at home” approach led by Dr. Daly, Tengo was able to receive treatment from his own home—with telehealth monitoring, in-home visits, and support.
“Getting medicine this way is much more convenient… it’s easier on you and your family.”
“It’s also better psychologically — you don’t feel as sick.”
For Tengo and his wife, this approach made a meaningful difference—not just physically, but emotionally.
“My husband feels so much better,” his wife shared. “And is doing so much better.”
Why These Stage 4 Lung Cancer Stories Matter
Nisar and Tengo’s experiences highlight something critical:
For patients with Stage 4 lung cancer, the right treatment—and the right access—can change everything.
Clinical trials for lung cancer are not just research. They provide access to:
- Advanced targeted therapies and immunotherapy
- New Stage 4 lung cancer treatment options
- Opportunities when standard treatments no longer work
Yet only a small percentage of patients ever participate in clinical trials.
The Reality: Access Is Still the Biggest Barrier
Many patients are not missing options—they are missing access.
Delays in referrals, lack of awareness about clinical trials for lung cancer, and the burden of travel prevent patients from reaching the care that could extend their lives.
For patients with Stage 4 cancer, time is everything.
How Stage4Hope Helps Patients Move Faster
At Stage4Hope, we are focused on one mission:
Helping patients with Stage 4 cancer access life-saving care—faster.
We help patients:
- Connect with leading cancer centers
- Explore targeted therapy and clinical trial options
- Navigate complex treatment decisions
- Access travel support when distance is a barrier
👉 Learn more about how we support patients: https://stage4hope.org
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Stage 4 cancer, getting to the right place quickly can make all the difference.
👉 Explore resources and patient support: https://stage4hope.org/resources
Healthcare providers and partners can also refer patients directly to help accelerate access to care:
👉 Check out our travel grants: https://stage4hope.org
References:
https://www.mskcc.org/news/msk-clinical-trials-bringing-promise-of-new-medicine-to-more-patients
A Stage 4 Lung Cancer Breakthrough Story
When a Stage 4 Diagnosis Changes Everything
When Joanne Ferrari-Mautino went in for an X-ray, she knew something wasn’t right.
“I’ve been a nurse for 20 years,” she said. “I knew it was not a good sign.”
What started as a persistent cough quickly turned into something far more serious. Within days, Joanne was told she had Stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer—and a life expectancy of just 18 months to two years.
In that moment, everything changed.
She had a teenage son. A partner. A life she loved in her small Connecticut town. And suddenly, she was facing a diagnosis that felt overwhelming and uncertain.
Finding Answers Through Biomarker Testing
But Joanne’s story didn’t end there.
Further testing revealed something critical—a genetic mutation known as a ROS1 fusion, a rare driver of lung cancer. That one piece of information changed everything about her treatment path.
She was referred to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, where she met Alexander Drilon, a physician who specializes in ROS1 lung cancer treatment.
Instead of standard chemotherapy, Joanne was able to begin targeted therapy for Stage 4 lung cancer—a treatment designed specifically for the genetic mutation driving her cancer.
What followed felt, in her words, like a miracle.
“I live a normal life. Sometimes people don’t even know I have cancer.”
A Second Story of Strength
Joanne’s experience is not the only one.
Anthony Valente, 63, was also diagnosed with advanced lung cancer after tumors were discovered during a routine exam. Initial treatment worked for a time—but eventually, the cancer began to grow again.
At that point, he was offered something different: a clinical trial for a next-generation ROS1 targeted therapy.
After starting treatment, he saw rapid improvement.
“The cancer shrunk and shrunk and shrunk. I actually feel better now than before I had cancer.”
For Anthony, it wasn’t just the treatment that made a difference—it was also the support around him. His wife of 40 years stood beside him through every step, and the care team helped guide him through difficult decisions.
Why These Stories Matter
Joanne and Anthony’s stories highlight something incredibly important for patients with Stage 4 lung cancer:
The right treatment can change everything.
Advances in targeted therapy for lung cancer, including newer drugs like Repotrectinib, Taletrectinib, and Zidesamtinib, are helping patients live longer with fewer side effects.
But these treatments are only possible when patients:
- Receive biomarker testing
- Get connected to the right specialists
- Access leading cancer centers and clinical trials
And for many patients, that access is the biggest challenge.
The Reality Many Patients Face
Too often, patients are not missing options—they are missing access.
Delays in referrals, lack of awareness about ROS1 lung cancer treatment, and the burden of travel can prevent patients from reaching the care that could extend their lives.
Time matters—especially with advanced cancer.
How Stage4Hope Helps Patients Like Joanne and Anthony
At Stage4Hope, we are focused on one mission:
Helping patients with Stage 4 cancer access life-saving care—faster.
We help patients:
- Connect with leading cancer centers
- Explore targeted therapy and clinical trial options
- Navigate complex treatment decisions
- Access travel support when distance is a barrier
👉 Learn more about how we support patients: https://stage4hope.org
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Stage 4 lung cancer, especially with a known mutation like ROS1, getting to the right place quickly can make all the difference.
👉 Explore resources and patient support: https://stage4hope.org/resources
Healthcare providers and partners can refer patients directly to Stage4Hope for travel assistance grants, helping reduce the financial burden of traveling for treatment or a second opinion.
👉 Refer a patient or partner with us: https://stage4hope.org
References:
Stage 4 Cancer: What to Do First
Stage 4 Cancer: What to Do First After Diagnosis
A new cancer diagnosis can make everything feel urgent. Most people are frightened, overwhelmed, and pushed to make decisions before they even understand all their options.
But the earliest days after diagnosis are not just about moving fast. They are about making sure you do not lose options by moving too fast in the wrong direction.
Just Diagnosed with Advanced Cancer? 5 Things to Do Before Starting Treatment
Here are five of the most important things to do before starting treatment.
1. Slow things down and get the right testing first
Do not rush into treatment, especially chemotherapy, before the right information is back.
In many advanced cancers, biomarker testing can affect first line treatment decisions. NCI explains that biomarker testing looks for genes, proteins, and other substances that may help doctors choose treatment, and it can identify changes that affect how certain cancer treatments work.
Ask whether both tissue testing and, when appropriate, blood-based testing have been ordered. If those results could change your first treatment, they should be reviewed before you commit to a plan.
That means the first question should not be, “How fast can I start chemo?” It should be:
“Has my cancer been fully tested so I know all of my treatment options first?”
2. Do not choose first treatment until all options are discussed
The first treatment often matters the most because it can shape what options remain later.
Clinical trial eligibility commonly depends in part on prior treatment history, along with cancer type, stage, biomarkers, and overall health. In other words, the treatment you start first can affect what you may qualify for next.
Before deciding, ask your doctor to review all appropriate options, including:
- targeted therapy
- immunotherapy
- chemotherapy
- clinical trials
Do not let urgency push you into chemotherapy before you understand whether another option should be considered first.
3. Ask about clinical trials early, not as a last resort
Many patients think clinical trials are only for people who have run out of options. That is not true. Some trials are available for patients who are newly diagnosed or who have not yet started treatment.
Clinical trials matter because some of the newest cancer drugs are available there first.
Many phase 1 cancer trials, especially for patients with advanced cancer, are dose escalation studies in which participants receive the investigational treatment at different dose levels while researchers study safety and dosing. Patients often worry that joining a clinical trial means getting a placebo and no treatment. In cancer trials, that fear is often misunderstood. NCI says placebos are rarely used in cancer clinical trials and that giving a placebo is not ethical when an effective treatment is available.
A better question to ask is:
“Should a clinical trial be considered before I start standard treatment?”
4. Get treated at, or at minimum get a second opinion from, a major cancer center
Do not assume the first local referral is the best or only option.
NCI-Designated Cancer Centers are recognized for scientific leadership in laboratory and clinical research, and these centers often provide disease-specific expertise, broader access to clinical trials, and treatment approaches that smaller institutions may not offer.
This matters because a major cancer center may see treatment opportunities that a smaller local practice does not.
Even if you ultimately receive treatment locally, getting a second opinion from an NCI designated or other major cancer center can be one of the most important steps you take. Many insurance plans do cover major cancer centers, although referral rules, prior authorizations, and network requirements vary by plan and should be checked quickly.
5. Get support early so you can make clearer decisions
A cancer diagnosis affects far more than the body. It affects how you think, how you sleep, how you process information, and how you handle fear.
That is one reason support matters early. Patients often need space to steady themselves emotionally so they can make informed decisions medically.
At Stage4Hope, we understand that the earliest days after diagnosis can feel like the hardest. That is why we offer Strength for the Journey, our therapist-led virtual support designed specifically for people facing advanced cancer, including Still Me, our program for those who are newly diagnosed.
You do not need to have everything figured out immediately. But you do deserve the chance to make decisions from a place of clarity, not panic.
After a Stage 4 diagnosis, everything can feel urgent. But the goal is not simply to start treatment fast.
The goal is to make sure you start the right treatment first.
Need help taking the next step?
Learn how Stage4Hope helps patients access leading cancer centers and second opinions faster.
Explore our therapist-led virtual support programs for people newly diagnosed with advanced cancer.
Learn how second opinions can save lives.
